write two short paragraph 1

In a short paragraph using at least one academic source, answer by extending, refuting/correcting, or adding additional nuance to each discussion below.

A- Health Insurance Coverage

Healthcare reform in the United States in 2010 has strengthened the importance of obligatory health insurance. However, there are some ethical and political issues that arise as a result of the fact that if an individual mandate does not cover Americans’ health insurance, they must overpay and pay a tax penalty. The ethics of health insurance coverage manifests itself in the duty of all Americans to purchase an insurance policy that demonstrates the principle of respect for people. From an ethical point of view, according to the Affordable Care Act, health insurance eliminates unfair fluctuations or increases in the insurance rate in private companies upholding the principle of fairness. Thus, clients have a wide choice of private or public insurance companies (Morden, 2017). After all, according to ethical standards, an insurer must take care of their financial reliability and refuse to pursue a policy of unreasonable overestimation of insurance rates. Further, ACA health insurance supports the principle of benevolence since insurance covers illnesses and diseases such as cancer, which previous legislation made difficult to obtain for covering treatment.

The politics of mandating that everyone has health insurance coverage is reasonable because a lack of health insurance leads to tax penalties and increased medical expenses. If a US resident cannot obtain private insurance and is not covered by state insurance, they are forced to pay for their treatment on their own. Paying for medical services in the US out of pocket is the least cost-effective method of financing for patients because medical services are expensive, and usually few people can afford to pay for them. Mandatory insurance has made progress for health care institutions as the rate of uninsured population has decreased as well as the proportion of minors who cannot afford care. Healthcare facilities are receiving an increase in financial security and a reduction in debt to recover economically, which improves health care delivery (Obama, 2016, p.527). Therefore, mandatory insurance policies are beneficial for patients.

B-The Affordable Care Act is a detailed part of our legislation and impacts the the non-group insurance market in the United States, and states and mandates that the population have health insurance, which significantly expands public insurance and subsidizes private insurance coverage, it also raises revenues from a variety of new taxes, and in turn reduces and reorganizes spending under the nation’s largest health insurance plan, which is Medicare. This policy remains a debate even to this day.

The Affordable Care Act essentially provides income-related premium assistance and cost-sharing to increase health care access and provide financial protection for those persons with lower incomes (Martin, 2010). This then will reduce out-of-pocket expenses for covered benefits. The law will vary cost-sharing standards as well as any premium credits by poverty level to limit a person’s risk of incurring high out-of-pocket expenses and to make health care more affordable. The reforms then expand coverage and reduce the number of insured people based on exposure to medical care costs that are high relative to their incomes.

I have mix feelings regarding the ACA bill. One of the main reasons why I have a mix emotion is because the individuals that are uninsured are because they cannot afford their premiums. Having to pay their missed payments means they simply will not have insurance and the country is right back where it was before ACA. Another aspect of the AHCA that I do not agree with is that the cost of coverage is based on age, the older a person, the higher the premium. Under the ACA an older person could be charged up to 3 times as much more for insurance coverage than a younger person. Under the AHCA, an older person can be charged up to five times as much (E-Health Insurance, 2019) It does not allow for a pre existing condition clause to be enforced, but it paves the way to penalize the consumer having co morbidities as they are more frequent as we aged. Also the elderly are not as financially free as working younger persons, so the chances of being able to pay the premiums are, again, lower.

 

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